วันอังคารที่ 14 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2558

Spacecraft reaches Pluto, but photos still hours away

14 Jul 2015 at 08:44
  • WRITER: TERRY FREDRICKSON
  • The New Horizon spacecraft has reached the planet Pluto, but because of the great distance it will still be many hours before we see the first photos. They should be as clear as images of our own moon as the spacecraft has come within 12,000kms of its surface.
    Please join us on our Facebook page http://www.facebook.com/bangkokpostlearning
Tuesday evening update
20:20
A handout picture made available by NASA shows members of the New Horizons science team reacting to seeing the spacecraft's last and sharpest image of Pluto before closest approach later in the day, at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, USA, 14 July 2014. (Note, this is not a close-up photo. That will have to wait for Wednesday.) NASA / HANDOUT
Here is how AFP described the yet-unseen flyby of Pluto
This photo obtained July 14, 2015 from NASA shows a new New Horizons' look at Pluto's on July 11, 2015revealing intriguing geologic details that are of keen interest to mission scientists. The next photos will be much, much clearer. AFP PHOTO/NASA/HANDOUT
An unmanned NASA spacecraft whizzed by Pluto on Tuesday, making its closestapproach in the climax of a decade-long journey to explore the dwarf planet for the first time, the US space agency said. 

Moving faster than any spacecraft ever built – at a speed of about 49,570 kph – the flyby happened at 1149 GMT (18:49 Bangkok time), with the probe running on auto-pilot. It was to pass by Pluto at a distance of 7,767 miles (12,500 kilometers).

"The New Horizons spacecraft passes its closest approach mark at Pluto after a three-billion-mile journey," a NASAcommentator said as spectators waved flags in a crowded room at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Center outside the US capital, Washington. 

"I have to pinch myself. Look what we accomplished," mission operations manager Alice Bowman said. 

"It is truly amazing that humankind can go out and explore these worlds and to see Pluto be revealed just before our eyes. It is just fantastic."
18:53
At this very moment Nasa's New Horizon's spacecraft should be at it closest point to the surface of Pluto. It is taken photos, but, because of the great distance, it will take at least five hours for scientists to see the first ones and about eight hours beyond that before they announce/show anything to us.
Tuesday morning update
Pluto’s bright, mysterious “heart” is rotating into view, ready for its close-up on close approach, in this imagetaken by New Horizons on July 12 from a distance of 2.5 million kilometers. NASA/JHUAPL/SWRI

Spacecraft flies by Pluto this evening

NASA's New Horizon's spacecraft is only hours away from its close encounter with thesurface of Pluto. 

The latest photos of the mysterious dwarf planet were taken from 2.5 million kilometres aways, but by 18:49 our time tonight it will come within about 12,500 kilometers (the latest estimate) of the Pluto's surface.
For the first time on Pluto, this view reveals linear features that may be cliffs, as well as a circular feature that could be an impact crater. NASA/NEW HORIZONS
It is not something we will watch live, however. Signals from the spacecraft take at least five hours to reach scientists here on earth and photos won't be released for some time after that. But by tomorrow morning, we should have a much clearer picture of what Pluto is like. 

If the spacecraft stays in one piece, that is. The big worry now is that it may collidewith some space debris, a possibility principal investigator Alan Stern puts at 10,000 to one. 

I'll have much more later today.
Monday's story
This July 11, 2015, image provided by NASA shows Pluto from the New Horizons spacecraft. On Tuesday, July 14, NASA's New Horizons spacecraft will come closest to Pluto. New Horizons has traveled 3 billion miles over 9½ years to get to the historic point. NASA/JHUAPL/SWRI
When I went to school, Pluto was known as the ninth planet in our solar system. No one had any idea what it looked like. Although it has since been demoted to a "dwarf"planet, actually seeing it close-up is going to be an exciting event for both old and young.

NASA craft discovers heart shape on Pluto as flyby nears

Miami, July 12, 2015, AFP – There's a near-perfect heart shape on Pluto's rusty redsurface. The dwarf planet is dotted with bright points which may be ice caps, and amysterious dark shape nicknamed "The Whale." 

Scientists are seeing all this for the first time as a piano-sized NASA spacecraft, called New Horizons, hurtles toward the distant celestial body on its way toward a historicflyby on July 14. 

"It's easy to imagine you're seeing familiar shapes in this bizarre collection of light and dark features, said John Spencer of the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. "However, it's too early to know what these features really are."
Pluto was discovered in 1930 by young astronomer Clyde Tombaugh who was assigned to compare thousands of images of the sky and look for unusual movements. It took a year to find what was then known as Planet X.
But scientists expect those mysteries to be solved in coming days as the spacecraftcloses in on Pluto, once considered the farthest planet in the solar system before it was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. 

That same year, the New Horizons mission launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida on a journey of nearly 10 years and three billion miles, becoming the first spacecraft toexplore this far-away frontier

"We are coming up on the culmination of all this effort, all this planning," said Joe Peterson, a science operations leader for the New Horizons mission

The closest flyby is scheduled for July 14 at 11:50 GMT (18:50 Thai time) when New Horizons passes within 9,977 kilometers of Pluto. 

Moving at a speed of 49,570 kilometers per hour, it is the fastest spacecraft everlaunched

The $700 million unmanned spacecraft has seven sophisticated science instrumentsand cameras that are collecting data daily and sending it back to Earth. 

"The instruments on New Horizons were all designed to work together to give us acomprehensive picture of the Pluto system," said Cathy Olkin, deputy project scientist for New Horizons. 

They include three optical instruments, two plasma instruments, a dust sensor and a radio science receiver. Together they will help scientists study Pluto's geologysurfacecompositiontemperature and atmosphere – as well as its five moons. 

Blurry, pixellated colour images began arriving in April and May, when the spacecraftwas about 80 million kilometers away from its destination.
This photo obtained July 7, 2015 from NASA shows new color images from NASA’s New Horizons spacecraftshowing two very different faces of the mysterious planet Pluto, one with a series of intriguing spots along theequator that are evenly spaced. Each of the spots is about 300 miles (480 kilometers) in diameter, with a surfacearea that’s roughly the size of the state of Missouri. AFP PHOTO/NASA/HANDOUT
After a brief system failure caused the spacecraft to go into safe mode on July 4, the best image yet was taken on July 7 when New Horizons was just under eight million kilometers from Pluto. 

The image shows a light-colored heart shape some 2,000 kilometers across, and a darker, whale-like shadow at its side. 

"I love this one," said Olkin, indicating that the shape could be due to ice. 

"We know that there are ices on Pluto, and we expect those ices to be brighter." 

More data in the coming days should reveal more clues about the composition of Pluto's surface, as well as its Texas-sized moon, Charon. 

"The next time we see this part of Pluto at closest approach, a portion of this regionwill be imaged at about 500 times better resolution," said Jeff Moore, geology,geophysics and imaging Team Leader of NASA's Ames Research Center. 

The best views are expected Monday through Thursday said principal investigatorAlan Stern. Even after the spacecraft whizzes by, the data and pictures will keep coming in for another 16 months, Stern told National Public Radio's Science Friday. 

"This is the gift that keeps on giving," he said.

Vocabulary:

accomplish: to achieve something - ทำได้สำเร็จ
approach: moving or coming closer - การเข้าใกล้
assign: to give someone a job to do - มอบหมาย, สั่งงาน
astronomer: a scientist who studies astronomy, the scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, planets, etc. - นักดาราศาสตร์
atmosphere: the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth - บรรยากาศรอบโลก
bizarre: very strange and unusual - แปลกประหลาด,วิตถาร,ผิดปกติ
blurry: not clear; without a clear outline - ที่พร่ามัว, ไม่ชัดเจน
brief: lasting for only a short time - ระยะเวลาสั้นๆ
capital: the most important town or city of a country, usually where the central government operates from - เมืองหลวง
celestial: of or from the sky or outside this world - เกี่ยวกับ สวรรค์,ท้องฟ้า
cliff: a steep side of an area of high land - หน้าผา
climax: the most exciting or important event or point in time - จุดสำคัญสูงสุดของเหตุการณ์
clue: an object or fact that someone discovers that helps them solve a crime or mystery - เบาะแส, ร่องรอย
collide: (especially of moving objects) to hit something violently - ชน,กระแทก
commentator: someone whose job is to write about a particular subject or discuss it on television or radio -
composition: the way that something is formed from separate parts or people - การรวมตัวกัน การประกอบเข้าด้วยกัน
comprehensive: complete and including everything that is necessary - ที่ครอบคลุม
consider: to regard as; to think of as - ถือว่า
crater: a large round hole in the ground - หลุม
culmination: the final result of a process or situation - ผลสุดท้าย
daily (adj.): happening, done or produced every day - แต่ละวัน, ทุกวัน
data: facts or information, especially when examined and used to find out things or to make decisions - ข้อมูล, ตัวเลข, สถิติ
debris: broken pieces that are left when something large has been destroyed - เศษ ซากปรักหักพัง  ซากสิ่งของที่ถูกทำลาย
decade: a period of ten years - ทศวรรษ
demote: to give something a less important position - ลดชั้น, ลดระดับ, ลดสถานะภาพ
deputy: a person whose rank is immediately below that of the leader of an organisation - รอง
destination: the place where someone or something is going - จุดหมายปลายทาง
diameter: the length of a straight line that crosses a circle through the centre - เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลาง
distant: far away in space or time - ห่างไกล
dotted (verb): covered in dots; having many of a particular thing in an area - มีลายจุด
due to: because of - เนื่องจาก
dust: very small pieces of dirt that cover surfaces inside buildings like a powder - ฝุ่น
dwarf (adj): much smaller than the normal size - ซึ่งเตี้ยแคระ
effort: an attempt to do something - ความพยายาม
encounter: a meeting, especially one that happens by chance - การเผชิญหน้า
equator (noun): an imaginary line around the earth (planet, star, moon, etc.) at an equal distance from the North and South Poles - เส้นศูนย์สูตร
estimate: an amount that you guess or calculate using the information available - ประมาณการ
explore (verb): to travel to or around an area or a country in order to learn about it - สำรวจ
familiar: well known to you, or easily recognised by you - คุ้นเคย
feature: something important, interesting or typical of a place or thing - จุดเด่น, คุณสมบัติ
frontier: a border between two countries, especially one with official points where people or vehicles cross; the outer edge of a country or area that is the furthest point where people have started to live and build towns - ชายแดน, พรมแดน, เขตแดน
geology: the scientific study of the earth, including the origin and history of the rocks and soil of which the earth is made; the origin and history of the rocks and soil of a particular area - ธรณีวิทยา
geophysics (noun): the scientific study of the physics of the earth, including its atmosphere, climate and magnetism - ธรณีฟิสิกส์
historic: of historical importance - ที่สำคัญในประวัติศาสตร์
humankind: people in general - มนุษย์,มนุษยชาติ
hurtle (verb): to move very fast in a particular direction - พุ่ง,เคลื่อนไปอย่างรวดเร็วมาก
ice cap (noun): a layer of ice - ชั้นของน้ำแข็ง
image: a photograph, painting, or other work of art that represents a person or thing - รูปภาพ
imagine: to form a picture of something or someone in your mind - นึกคิด, จินตนาการ, นึกฝัน
impact: the force with which one object hits another - แรงกระแทก
indicate: to show that something is true, exists or will happen - แสดง, ทำให้รู้
institute (noun): an organization that has a particular purpose, especially one that is connected with education or a particular profession; the building used by this organisation - สถาบัน,องค์การ,วิทยาลัย,สถาบันหนึ่งของมหาวิทยาลัย
instrument: a tool or piece of equipment used in science, medicine, or technology - อุปกรณ์ เครื่องตรวจวัด
intriguing: very interesting, especially because of being strange or mysterious - น่าทึ่ง, เต็มไปด้วยเลห์, อย่างมีสเนห์
investigator: someone whose job is to officially find out the facts about something - ผู้สอบสวน, ผู้สำรวจ, ผู้ตรวจสอบ
launch: to send something out, such as a rocket into the air or into space - ปล่อย
linear (adj): of or in lines - เป็นแนวยาว, ลายเส้นตรง
live: happening now, i.e., not recorded earlier - ถ่ายทอดสด
mission: a flight into space - การเคลื่อนที่หรือการวิ่งสู่เป้าหมายของจรวด
mode: a particular way of doing something; a particular type of something - แบบ, วิธีการ
mysterious: not explained or understood; full of secrets - น่าพิศวง, น่าประหลาด
mystery: a quality that makes someone or something difficult to explain, understand, or get information about, especially when it also makes them seem interesting or exciting - สิ่งที่ไม่สามารถอธิบายได้, ความแปลกประหลาด
nickname: an informal name for someone or something, especially a name which you are called by your friends or family, usually based on your proper name or your character - ชื่อเล่น
obtain: to get something that you want or need, especially by going through a process that is difficult - ได้มา, ได้รับ
operations: the activity or work done in an area of business or industry - ปฎิบัติการ
optical (adj): used to help you see something more clearly; connected with the sense of sight or the relationship between light and sight - เกี่ยวกับสายตา
pinch: to take a piece of somebody's skin between your thumb and first finger and squeeze hard, especially to hurt the person - หยิก
pixellated (adj): having a low resolution; of an image where the individual parts are too large and unclear - ความละเอียดต่ำ
planet: a large round object in space that moves around a star (such as the sun) and receives light from it - ดาวเคราะห์
plasma (noun): a gas that contains approximately equal numbers of positive and negative electric charges and is present in the sun and most stars - พลาสมา
portion: a part of something - ส่วน
principal: main or most important - หัวหน้า, สำคัญที่สุด
probe: a spacecraft without people on board which obtains information and sends it back to earth -
project: a planned piece of work that is designed to find information about something, to produce something new, or to improve something - โครงการ
provide: to give someone/ something that they want or need - จัดหาให้, จัดเตรียมไว้ให้
reclassify (verb): to put something in a different group, class or category - แบ่งประเภทใหม่, จัดหมวดหมู่ใหม่
region: a large area of land, usually without exact limits or borders - ภูมิภาค, ขอบเขต, แถบ, บริเวณ
research: a careful study of a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or information about it - การวิจัย
resolution: the power of a computer screen, printer, etc. to give a clear image, depending on the size of the dots that make up the image - ความละเอียดของภาพ, ความคมชัด
reveal: to show or let something become known - เปิดเผย
rotate: to move in a circle around a fixed central point, or to move something in this way - หมุน
roughly: approximately but not exactly - โดยประมาณ, อย่างคร่าวๆ
rusty: covered in the rough red substance that damages the surface of iron and steel - เป็นสนิม
scheduled: planned to happen at a particular time or day - ตามตารางเวลา
sensor: a device that can react to light, heat, pressure, etc. in order to make a machine, etc. do something or show something - อุปกรณ์ส่งสัญญาณที่ไวต่อแสงหรืออุณหภูมิ, ตัวเซ็นเซอร์
sharp: clear and definite - ชัดเจน
solar system: a star and the planets that go round it, especially the Sun and the group of planets that includes the Earth - ระบบสุริยะ
solve: to find the correct answer or explanation for something - หาคำตอบได้
sophisticated: complicated and advanced in design - ที่มีการออกแบบให้ซับซ้อน
spacecraft: a vehicle that travels in space - ยานอวกาศ
spectator: a person who watches an activity without taking part - ผู้เข้าชม
surface: the outside or top layer of something - ผิวหน้า, ผิวภายนอก, ด้านนอก
system (noun): an organised set of ideas or theories or a particular way of doing something - ระบบ, หลักการ
temperature: a measurement of how hot or how cold a place or object is - อุณหภูมิ
unmanned: (of a machine, a vehicle, a place or an activity) not having or needing a person to control or operate it - ซึ่งไม่มีคนคอยควบคุม
whiz: to move at great speed - เคลื่อนที่ออกไปอย่างรวดเร็ว

ไม่มีความคิดเห็น:

แสดงความคิดเห็น